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Bodies and Structures 2.0: Deep-Mapping Modern East Asian History

References for "One family's photographs 1941-66"

Canning, Kathleen. 2006. Gender History in Practice: Historical Perspectives on Bodies, Class, and Citizenship. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Darnton, Robert. 1984. The Great Cat Massacre: And Other Episodes in French Cultural History. New York: Basic Books.

Dasgupta, Romit. 2012. Re-Reading the Salaryman in Japan: Crafting Masculinities. Abingdon: Routledge.

Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office. 1959-2004. ”Percentage of Households Possesing Major Durable Goods—All Japan.”

Edwards, Elizabeth. 2006. “Photographs and the Sound of History.” Visual Anthropology Review 21, no. 1 & 2: 27–46.

Edwards, Elizabeth and Janice Hart eds. 2004. Photographs Objects Histories: On the Materiality of Images. London and New York: Routledge.

Leheny, David. 2000. “‘By Other Means’: Tourism and Leisure as Politics in Pre-War Japan.” Social Science Japan Journal 3, no. 2: 171–86.

Masuda, Matsuki. 1953. Katei shashin jū-ni ka getsu [12 months of the family photograph]. Tokyo: Genkosha.

McClintock, Anne. 1995. Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest. London & New York: Routledge.

Plath, David W. 1990. “My-Car-Isma: Motorizing the Showa Self.” Daedalus 119, no. 3: 229-44.

Ross, Kerry. 2015. Photography for Everyone: The Cultural Lives of Cameras and Consumers in Early Twentieth-Century Japan. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Sandbye, Mette. 2014. “Looking at the Family Photo Album: A Resumed Theoretical Discussion of Why and How.” Journal of Aesthetics & Culture 6, no. 1.

Thomas, Julia. 2008. “Power Made Visible: Photography and Postwar Japan's Elusive Reality.” Journal of Asian Studies 67, no. 2: 365–94.

Yoshioka, Senzō. 1962. “Mama no kamera kyōshitsu (1): Pinboke de mo kamawanai.” Yoiko (July): 74–75.

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One Family’s Photographs (1941-66) 82 Emily Chapman image_header 4897 2021-09-28T11:05:02-04:00 Shinjuku 35.67883, 139.71765 Atami 35.1167, 139.0667 35.10784, 139.08638 35.11211, 139.08697 Kyōto 35.0000, 135.7500 Funabara 35.00754, 138.47061 Itō 34.9656, 139.10246 Miura Peninsula 35.13976, 139.65675 Setagaya 35.64656, 139.65329 Chiyoda 35.69789, 139.74577 Tokorozawa 35.79942, 139.46871 Saitama 35.91882, 139.6314 Tōhoku Region 39.0000, 141.0000 Matsushima 38.36928, 141.058 Nagano 36.6500, 138.1667 36.92167, 138.44445 Kusatsu 36.60643, 138.5837 Ikaho 36.49378, 138.92532 Komoro 36.3271, 138.41754 Annaka 36.35805, 138.69827 Takasaki 36.32206, 139.00335 Yoshimi 36.03969, 139.42191 Lake Motosu 35.46318, 138.58377 Lake Yamanaka 35.41855, 138.87748 Nishiizu 34.77161, 138.77529 Hakone 35.23238, 139.10693 Odawara 35.25094, 139.15351 Jōgashima 35.13426, 139.62098 Meishin Expressway 34.88138, 135.65886 Hakuba 36.70221, 137.83388 Nikko 36.73874, 139.5001 Tochigi 37.10162, 139.99891 Lake Hibara 37.68316, 140.05903 Bandai-Azuma Skyline 37.67071, 140.2508 Mt. Fuji 35.36062, 138.72736 Izu 34.97661, 138.94655 Yokosuka 35.29174, 139.62863 35.64012, 139.59908 35.67948, 139.73574 Chuo 35.68039, 139.76901 1913-1941 Emily Chapman Yajima Isao Yajima Eiko
This module begins at the moment a photograph was taken in January 1941. It is in this image that we are introduced to Yajima Isao and his new bride, Eiko. They are sitting in the grounds of what was, probably, their honeymoon hotel, the Atami Ocean Hotel (Atami taiyō hoteru). The pair pose in view of the grand entrance despite the bubbling activity behind them where another photograph is taking place and a bathing towel dries on the bushes.
Isao almost certainly took the picture himself. After having chosen a suitable spot, with favourable lighting and the backdrop of the hotel’s entrance, he probably mounted the camera on its tripod, set the timer, and then ran back to his seat. While the honeymoon was the start of their family life—Eiko was either pregnant or soon would be—this photograph commenced their visual life together in which Isao would soon assume the new role of father-photographer (otōsan kameraman) and make a shift in physical and emotional geography to a place behind the camera. By happenstance or overwhelming ordinariness, the role of father-photographer is previewed behind the posing couple. Look closely and you'll see that a man—a father perhaps—sits with his camera in hand while another supervises the child-subject of the photograph attempt to climb the steps of a slide ready for her photographic moment.
This image is the foundation stone for the this module. It gives us a date, a place and two faces, and it begins our story that orbits around Yajima Isao. Born in 1913, Isao was a proud dentist, regular smoker, amateur golfer, keen traveller, car enthusiast, and occasional dancer. Starting in the 1940s and coinciding with the start of his own family, he began work on the first of three photograph albums. Over the sixteen years that followed he assembled hundreds of photographs across three photograph albums. The albums blend the many Isaos and the spaces he moved through to create the appearance of a coherent self, complete with family, possessions and freedom of movement. Much like the photo above, Isao appears to have taken most of the photos himself and after sticking them carefully into the pages, he narrated them with occasional and succinct captions.
Despite this module and the albums orbiting around Isao, he is often absent from the final photographs, especially those which feature his family. This is simply because he was taking the photograph. Perhaps Eiko and the children were not avid, interested or able photographers, but within a historical context where men’s absence from the home (and presence at work) is widely accepted to have been expected if not lauded, Isao’s images connect to a wider scholarly and cultural narrative—which still plays out in households around the world today—in which male absence from the home is connected to his success (DasGupta 2012).
With access to an astonishing selection of photographs from nearly three decades of family life, this module tracks the movements Isao made in and around his camera to produce a visual archive of where he was, and where he was not always visible.
How this module works
This module is based on three consecutive family albums. Here we will call them Album 1, 2 and 3. As historical sources they are made for touching and gazing, suspended between what Kathleen Canning describes as “narrativity and materiality” (Canning 2006). The albums themselves are made of cardboard, velvet, and cardstock—they are heavy to hold, and smell of dust and damp. They are well-kept, and in flaking paper and faded faces, bear traces of time, as well as bodily traces of their maker in his handwriting, nicknames, even the whirling sepia fingerprints on pressed-down corners.
This module cuts four pathways through the albums.
1. Snappy Family is the first and it introduces the wider historical context on how photography was not only cultivated as an “ideal family pastime” (Ross 2015) but how its practice became gendered through the spaces in which taking photos happened. The remaining three pathways take each album in turn.
2. Album 1 follows Isao's transition from dental student and newlywed, to father and tracks his movement to a place behind the camera.
3. Album 2 while ostensibly a story of the places the Yajimas went on holiday, tracks the disappearance of his teenage children from his photographs and asks what, exactly, is worth taking pictures of.
4. Album 3 is all about Isao's extensive car collection and this pathway explores how the photograph enabled him to enjoy and document his “car fever” and his financial success. The car also worked to summon Isao back in front of the camera. The swapping of bouncing baby for a gleaming car bonnet is significant because while Isao is visually absent as a father when photos are taken of the children because he is behind the camera, in his status as a car owner he readily moves in front of the lens.
Source material
The images in this module are part of a personal collection. Please read the Note on Ethics before continuing.
Click here for a list of references for this module, which is also available from the module's Conclusion page.